Urbish v. 127th Judicial Dist. Court, 708 S.W.2d 429
Supreme Court of Texas
February 12, 1986
No. C-4049
Core Terms
next friend, trial court, divorce, writ of mandamus, best interest, temporary, void
Case Summary
Procedural Posture
Relator father filed a petition for a writ of mandamus to direct respondent judge of the 127th Judicial District Court (Texas), to vacate her order overruling relator's motion to remove his former wife as their minor son's next friend in an action for bodily injuries on the son's behalf. Relator further sought to vacate an order that overruled his motion for rehearing and that imposed sanctions against him for attempting to represent the son.
Overview
After relator father was named the permanent managing conservator of his son in a divorce proceeding, he filed a motion with the trial court to show authority why his former wife should represent the child in a pending action for bodily injuries. The former wife had filed the litigation prior to the divorce, on behalf of the child, as his parent under the authority of Tex. Fam. Code Ann. §§ 12.04(7) and § 14.02(a). The motion was denied, as was relator's motion for rehearing, and sanctions were imposed against respondent to desist in his efforts to represent the child in the litigation. Relator filed a petition for a writ of mandamus to vacate the aforementioned orders, contending they were void and an abuse of discretion. The court denied the writ, finding that the order denying relator's motion to show authority was not void because at the time it was issued the former wife had statutory authority to file the litigation on behalf of her son. The court determined that there was no abuse of discretion because, based upon the circumstances, the trial court determined it was not in the child's best interest to substitute his next friend and attorney in the pending litigation.
Outcome
The court denied the writ of mandamus sought by relator father to vacate orders overruling his motion to show authority why his former wife should represent their son in an action for bodily injuries, his motion for rehearing, and the order that imposed sanctions against him, finding that the orders were not void and that there was no abuse of discretion in issuing the orders.
LexisNexis® Headnotes
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Governments > Courts > Authority to Adjudicate
HN1
An order is void when a court has no power or jurisdiction to render it. Shepardize - Narrow by this Headnote
An order is void when a court has no power or jurisdiction to render it. Shepardize - Narrow by this HeadnoteCivil Procedure > Remedies > Writs > General Overview
Civil Procedure > ... > Writs > Common Law Writs > Mandamus
HN2 A writ of mandamus will not lie to correct a merely erroneous or voidable order of the trial court, but will lie to correct one which the trial judge had no power to render. Shepardize - Narrow by this Headnote
A writ of mandamus will not lie to correct a merely erroneous or voidable order of the trial court, but will lie to correct one which the trial judge had no power to render. Shepardize - Narrow by this HeadnoteCivil Procedure > Judgments > Relief From Judgments > General Overview
Civil Procedure > Remedies > Writs > General Overview
HN3 If the trial judge's order is one within his discretionary powers, the relator must show that it is a clear abuse of discretion before a writ of mandamus will issue to vacate the order. Shepardize - Narrow by this Headnote
If the trial judge's order is one within his discretionary powers, the relator must show that it is a clear abuse of discretion before a writ of mandamus will issue to vacate the order. Shepardize - Narrow by this HeadnoteFamily Law > Parental Duties & Rights > General Overview
Family Law > ... > Custody Awards > Physical Custody > Possessory Conservators
Family Law > Guardians > General Overview
Family Law > Parental Duties & Rights > General Overview
Family Law > Parental Duties & Rights > General Overview
HN6 When minors sue, trial courts have the responsibility to protect the minor's best interest.Tex. R. Civ. P. 44; Tex. Prob. Code Ann. § 242. As part of this responsibility, trial courts are authorized to replace next friends and attorneys when it appears to the court that either has an interest adverse to the minor. The trial court's decision is within its discretion. Shepardize - Narrow by this Headnote
When minors sue, trial courts have the responsibility to protect the minor's best interest.Tex. R. Civ. P. 44; Tex. Prob. Code Ann. § 242. As part of this responsibility, trial courts are authorized to replace next friends and attorneys when it appears to the court that either has an interest adverse to the minor. The trial court's decision is within its discretion. Shepardize - Narrow by this HeadnoteOpinion by: GONZALEZ
Opinion
[429] This is an original mandamus proceeding. Relator, Frank Urbish, requests that a writ issue ordering Judge Sharolyn Wood of the 127th District Court to vacate her order [430] overruling Frank's Motion to Show Authority why his former wife, Mary Urbish should represent their minor son, Michael, in a suit for personal injuries. Frank further requests that we vacate the late Judge W. Ervin James' order overruling the Motion for Rehearing, and his order granting a Motion for Sanctions against Frank to desist in attempting to represent Michael. Frank further prays that this court order that Mary Urbish and her attorney have no authority to represent Michael. For the reasons stated in this opinion, we deny the writ.
April 25, 1975 -- Frank became temporary managing conservator of their children, Frank Lavelle Urbish, Jr., and Michael Shane Urbish, pursuant to temporary orders.July 22, 1975 -- Mary filed a petition for divorce. Frank and Mary agreed that Frank should be managing conservator of their children. The two divorce proceedings were consolidated on September 26, 1975.July 12, 1979 -- Mary signed a contingent fee employment contract with attorney, individually, and as Michael's next friend.July 20, 1979 -- Mary, acting as next friend of Michael, filed suit in the 127th District Court of Harris County for personal injuries to Michael (Cause No. 79-31666). On the same day, Mary filed a new petition for divorce in the 308th District Court of Harris County (Cause No. 79-31610), and the court issued an order appointing Mary temporary managing conservator.September 27, 1979 -- The order granting Mary temporary managing conservator was rescinded in the 308th District Court. Frank's parents were named temporary managing conservators of Michael.July 1, 1981 -- Frank and his parents filed a Petition in Intervention in the personal injury suit filed by Mary.December 10, 1981 -- The 308th court entered a divorce decree. Frank was appointed permanent managing conservator of Michael.December 17, 1981 -- Frank employed the firm of Kronzer, Abraham, Watkins, Nichols, Ballard & Friend to represent Michael.December 23, 1981 -- Frank filed a Motion to Show Authority for managing Michael's legal representation, directed toward Mary and her attorneys.December 29, 1982 -- Judge Sharolyn Wood of the 295th Judicial District (sitting for Judge W. Ervin James of the 127th District) overruled Frank's Motion to Show Authority.March 31, 1983 -- Frank filed a Motion for Leave to File Petition for Mandamus with this court. In the petition, Frank requested the court to direct Judge James to reverse his holding on Frank's Motion to Show Authority to represent Michael, and to order that Mary and her attorney had no authority to represent Michael, as Frank was appointed permanent managing conservator.January 16, 1984 -- Frank filed a Petition for Declaratory Judgment in the 11th District Court of Harris County, based on questions raised in his Motion [431] to Show Authority and in his request for Writ of Mandamus.July 30, 1984 -- Judge James sustained Mary's Motion for Sanctions, ordering Frank and his attorneys to desist from representing themselves as attorneys for Michael. The court further ordered that only Mary and her attorneys should represent Michael.September 4, 1984 -- The Fourteenth Court of Appeals granted Frank's Motion for Leave to File Petition for Writ of Mandamus.March 14, 1985 -- Frank's Motion for Rehearing on the Motion was denied by substitute opinion. 688 S.W.2d 230.
Our first inquiry must be whether the orders in question were void or were issued as a result of an abuse of discretion. HN1
An order is void when a court has no power or jurisdiction to render it.HN2 The writ of mandamus will not lie to correct a merely erroneous or voidable order of the trial court, but will lie to correct one which the trial judge had no power to render. State v. Ferguson, 133 Tex. 60, 63, 125 S.W.2d 272, 274 (Tex. 1939). HN3 "If the district judge's order is one within his discretionary powers, the relator must show that it is a 'clear abuse of discretion.'"Lutheran Social Services, Inc. v. Meyers, 460 S.W. 2d 887, 889 (Tex. 1970) citing Crane v. Tunks, 160 Tex. 182, 328 S.W.2d 434 (1959).
An order is void when a court has no power or jurisdiction to render it.HN2 The writ of mandamus will not lie to correct a merely erroneous or voidable order of the trial court, but will lie to correct one which the trial judge had no power to render. State v. Ferguson, 133 Tex. 60, 63, 125 S.W.2d 272, 274 (Tex. 1939). HN3 "If the district judge's order is one within his discretionary powers, the relator must show that it is a 'clear abuse of discretion.'"Lutheran Social Services, Inc. v. Meyers, 460 S.W. 2d 887, 889 (Tex. 1970) citing Crane v. Tunks, 160 Tex. 182, 328 S.W.2d 434 (1959).
Frank asserts that the orders issued by the trial court judges of the 127th District Court were void because they violated the express provisions of the Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 12.04 and § 14.04, and were issued in contradiction of the continuing jurisdiction of the 308th District Court which dissolved the Urbishs' marriage. Specifically, Frank claims that Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 12.04(7) and § 14.02(a) are controlling. HN4 § 12.04 provides that:
§ 12.04 provides that:HN5Except as otherwise provided by judicial order or by an affidavit of relinquishment ofparental rights executed under § 15.03 of this Code, the parent of a child has the following rights, privileges, duties and powers:
§ 14.02 provides that:(a) Except as provided in Subsection (d) of this section, a parent appointed managing conservator of the child retains all the rights, privileges, duties and powers of a parent to the exclusion of the other parent, subject to the rights, privileges, duties and powers of a possessory conservator as provided in Section 14.04 of this code and to any limitation imposed by court order and allowing access to the child. 1
When Mary filed suit on behalf of Michael on July 20, 1979, she had power to do so as his parent, pursuant to § 12.04. At that time, there were no court ordered conservatorships in effect regarding Michael. Mary had the right to file the suit, representing Michael as "next friend," and to execute an employment contract with Robert E. Talton, for legal representation. Therefore, the trial court's orders overruling Frank's motion to show authority, overruling the motion to rehearing, and then granting the motion for sanctions ordering Frank to desist in attempting to represent the child are not void. Therefore, we must next consider whether the trial court clearly abused its discretion in these matters.
HN6 When minors sue, trial courts have the responsibility to protect the minor's best interest.Tex. R. Civ. P. 44; Tex. Prob. Code Ann. § 242 (Vernon 1980). As [432] part of this responsibility, trial courts are authorized to replace next friends and attorneys when it appears to the court that either has an interest adverse to the minor. See Newman v. King, 433 S.W.2d 420, 421 (Tex. 1968). The trial court's decision is within its discretion. Texas Indemnity Ins. Co. v. Hubbard, 138 S.W.2d 626, 632 (Tex. Civ. App. -- 1940, writ dism'd judgmt. cor.). When deciding whether to replace a next friend or attorney, trial courts should consider only the minor's best interest; the interests of the next friend and attorney are irrelevant.
When minors sue, trial courts have the responsibility to protect the minor's best interest.Tex. R. Civ. P. 44; Tex. Prob. Code Ann. § 242 (Vernon 1980). As [432] part of this responsibility, trial courts are authorized to replace next friends and attorneys when it appears to the court that either has an interest adverse to the minor. See Newman v. King, 433 S.W.2d 420, 421 (Tex. 1968). The trial court's decision is within its discretion. Texas Indemnity Ins. Co. v. Hubbard, 138 S.W.2d 626, 632 (Tex. Civ. App. -- 1940, writ dism'd judgmt. cor.). When deciding whether to replace a next friend or attorney, trial courts should consider only the minor's best interest; the interests of the next friend and attorney are irrelevant.
In this case, Frank waited almost two years after Michael's suit was filed to petition to intervene. He waited six months more to sign an employment contract with his present attorneys. Only shortly thereafter did he finally file a motion to show authority to remove Mary as next friend. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in retaining Mary as next friend, because Frank never showed that such a change would be in Michael's best interest. He concedes that Mary's interests are not adverse to Michael's and that Michael's present attorneys are professional. Frank has made no allegation of impropriety or lack of diligence.
The trial court apparently thought that it was in Michael's best interest not to change next friends and attorneys two years after suit had been filed. At such a late date, changing attorneys would delay resolution of Michael's suit, causing him potential disadvantages in prosecuting his claim: disappearing evidence, fading memories, and potential loss of interest, if any, (assuming a favorable recovery). A prompt resolution of Michael's claims has been further delayed by the bickering among the ex-spouses, completely overlooking the paramount interest, which is the best interest of the child.